Opportunity Information: Apply for PA 18 407
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding opportunity titled "Population Health Interventions: Integrating Individual and Group Level Evidence (R21) - Clinical Trials Optional" (Funding Opportunity Number: PA 18 407) is designed to push health research beyond traditional clinical or biological settings and into real-world, population-level environments. The core idea is that major drivers of illness and poor health outcomes are often rooted in broader conditions such as social disadvantage, economic instability, and environmental exposures. This announcement supports research that does not just treat disease after it appears, but tests interventions that change the upstream conditions that shape health across communities, systems, and entire populations.
This FOA specifically emphasizes multilevel and transdisciplinary population health interventions. In practice, that means projects are expected to connect evidence across individual and group levels, and to bring together expertise from different fields (for example, public health, medicine, behavioral science, sociology, economics, education, urban planning, environmental science, policy, and implementation science). The interventions supported are meant to operate across multiple layers of influence, such as individuals, families, schools, workplaces, neighborhoods, health systems, and local or regional policy environments. The aim is to generate actionable evidence for strategies that can measurably improve health outcomes and reduce disease burden when applied at scale, particularly by addressing the social, economic, and environmental conditions that drive risk.
The mechanism is an R21, which generally signals exploratory or early-stage research intended to develop and test innovative ideas, generate preliminary data, or evaluate new approaches that may lead to larger follow-on studies. The FOA is labeled "Clinical Trials Optional," meaning applicants may propose studies that include clinical trials if appropriate, but a trial is not required. This flexibility allows projects to range from intervention development and pilot testing to pragmatic community-based evaluations, natural experiments, or other designs suited to population health research, as long as the work aligns with the FOA's focus on multilevel interventions and integration of individual- and group-level evidence.
The opportunity is listed as a discretionary grant within the Education and Health activity categories, and it references CFDA numbers 93.173, 93.279, and 93.399. The award ceiling is stated as $200,000, which indicates a cap on the maximum award amount under the announcement as provided in the source data. The original closing date shown is 2019-05-07, and the creation date is 2017-11-22, which is important for applicants to note because it suggests the listing reflects a specific application window in the past; anyone interested would need to confirm whether the FOA is still active, has been reissued, or has moved to a newer announcement.
Eligibility is broad and is intentionally inclusive of many organization types that are positioned to carry out or partner on population health work. Eligible applicants include state, county, and city or township governments; special district governments; independent school districts; public and state-controlled institutions of higher education; private institutions of higher education; federally recognized Native American tribal governments; public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities; Native American tribal organizations that are not federally recognized tribal governments; nonprofits with and without 501(c)(3) status (excluding institutions of higher education in that nonprofit category); for-profit organizations other than small businesses; and small businesses. The FOA also highlights additional eligible applicants such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs); Hispanic-serving Institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); faith-based or community-based organizations; eligible federal government agencies; regional organizations; Indian/Native American tribal governments other than federally recognized; U.S. territories or possessions; and non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities, meaning foreign organizations may also be eligible under the terms indicated.
Overall, this grant opportunity is aimed at accelerating practical, scalable research that improves health outcomes by intervening on the conditions that shape health for groups and communities, not only for individuals. It is a good fit for teams that can demonstrate strong partnerships across sectors, a clear multilevel intervention strategy, and a plan to produce evidence that can inform policy, systems change, or community-level implementation in ways that meaningfully reduce health disparities and population disease burden.Apply for PA 18 407
- The National Institutes of Health in the education, health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Population Health Interventions: Integrating Individual and Group Level Evidence (R21) - Clinical Trials Optional" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.173, 93.279, 93.399.
- This funding opportunity was created on 2017-11-22.
- Applicants must submit their applications by 2019-05-07. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Each selected applicant is eligible to receive up to $200,000.00 in funding.
- Eligible applicants include: State governments, County governments, City or township governments, Special district governments, Independent school districts, Public and State controlled institutions of higher education, Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized), Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments), Nonprofits having a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Nonprofits that do not have a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Private institutions of higher education, For-profit organizations other than small businesses, Small businesses, Others.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the title of this NIH funding opportunity?
The funding opportunity is titled "Population Health Interventions: Integrating Individual and Group Level Evidence (R21) - Clinical Trials Optional."
What is the Funding Opportunity Number (FOA number)?
The Funding Opportunity Number is PA 18 407.
What is the main purpose of this grant opportunity?
This opportunity supports research that moves beyond traditional clinical or biological settings into real-world, population-level environments. The goal is to test interventions that change upstream conditions (such as social disadvantage, economic instability, and environmental exposures) that shape health across communities, systems, and entire populations.
What types of health problems or drivers is the FOA focused on?
The FOA emphasizes that major drivers of illness and poor health outcomes are often rooted in broader social, economic, and environmental conditions. Projects are expected to address these upstream drivers rather than only treating disease after it appears.
What does "population health intervention" mean in the context of this FOA?
In this FOA, population health interventions are strategies designed to improve health outcomes for groups, communities, or broader populations by acting on conditions and influences at multiple levels (for example, individuals, families, schools, workplaces, neighborhoods, health systems, or policy environments).
What does "multilevel" mean for proposed interventions?
"Multilevel" means the intervention is designed to operate across more than one layer of influence. Examples of levels referenced in the FOA include individuals, families, schools, workplaces, neighborhoods, health systems, and local or regional policy environments.
What does "transdisciplinary" mean for this FOA?
Transdisciplinary means bringing together expertise from different fields to address complex population health challenges. The FOA gives examples such as public health, medicine, behavioral science, sociology, economics, education, urban planning, environmental science, policy, and implementation science.
What does it mean to integrate "individual- and group-level evidence"?
This FOA expects projects to connect evidence across individual and group levels. In practice, that means using what is known (or can be learned) about individual-level outcomes alongside group-, system-, or community-level effects to produce stronger, more actionable population health evidence.
What NIH grant mechanism is used for this opportunity?
The mechanism is an R21, which generally supports exploratory or early-stage research. R21 projects often focus on developing and testing innovative ideas, generating preliminary data, or evaluating new approaches that may lead to larger follow-on studies.
Does the project have to include a clinical trial?
No. The FOA is labeled "Clinical Trials Optional," meaning applicants may propose studies that include clinical trials if appropriate, but a clinical trial is not required.
What kinds of study designs could fit under "Clinical Trials Optional"?
Based on the FOA description, potential approaches may include intervention development, pilot testing, pragmatic community-based evaluations, natural experiments, or other designs suited to population health research, as long as the work aligns with multilevel interventions and integration of individual- and group-level evidence.
What types of outcomes or impacts is NIH looking for?
The FOA aims to generate actionable evidence for strategies that can measurably improve health outcomes and reduce disease burden when applied at scale, particularly by addressing social, economic, and environmental conditions that drive risk. It also emphasizes the potential to reduce health disparities and population disease burden.
How is "scale" or "applied at scale" reflected in this opportunity?
The FOA highlights interventions that can inform policy, systems change, or community-level implementation in ways that work beyond a single clinical setting and can be applied broadly across communities or systems.
What activity categories are associated with this grant listing?
The opportunity is listed as a discretionary grant within the Education and Health activity categories.
What CFDA numbers are referenced for this opportunity?
The listing references CFDA numbers 93.173, 93.279, and 93.399.
What is the maximum (ceiling) award amount stated in the listing?
The award ceiling is stated as $200,000, indicating the maximum award amount under the announcement as provided in the source data.
When was the opportunity created and when was it originally shown as closing?
The creation date shown is 2017-11-22, and the original closing date shown is 2019-05-07.
Does the closing date mean the opportunity may be outdated?
The provided closing date suggests the listing reflects a specific application window in the past. Interested applicants would need to confirm whether the FOA is still active, has been reissued, or has moved to a newer announcement.
Who is eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad and includes many organization types positioned to carry out or partner on population health work.
Are state, county, or local governments eligible?
Yes. Eligible applicants include state governments, county governments, and city or township governments.
Are special district governments eligible?
Yes. Special district governments are listed as eligible applicants.
Are schools and school districts eligible to apply?
Yes. Independent school districts are listed as eligible applicants.
Are colleges and universities eligible?
Yes. Public and state-controlled institutions of higher education and private institutions of higher education are listed as eligible applicants.
Are Tribal governments and Tribal organizations eligible?
Yes. Federally recognized Native American tribal governments are eligible. The FOA also notes eligibility for Native American tribal organizations that are not federally recognized tribal governments and also references Indian/Native American tribal governments other than federally recognized.
Are public housing authorities eligible?
Yes. Public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities are listed as eligible applicants.
Are nonprofit organizations eligible?
Yes. Nonprofits with 501(c)(3) status and nonprofits without 501(c)(3) status are eligible, with the listing specifying that the nonprofit category excludes institutions of higher education.
Are for-profit organizations eligible?
Yes. For-profit organizations other than small businesses are listed as eligible, and small businesses are also listed as eligible.
Are faith-based or community-based organizations eligible?
Yes. Faith-based or community-based organizations are specifically highlighted as eligible applicants.
Are minority-serving institutions mentioned as eligible?
Yes. The FOA highlights Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs); Hispanic-serving Institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); and Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs).
Are federal agencies eligible to apply?
Yes. Eligible federal government agencies are included in the list of additional eligible applicants.
Are regional organizations eligible?
Yes. Regional organizations are included among the additional eligible applicants.
Are U.S. territories or possessions eligible?
Yes. U.S. territories or possessions are listed among additional eligible applicants.
Are non-U.S. (foreign) organizations eligible?
Yes. The eligibility list includes non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities, meaning foreign organizations may be eligible under the terms indicated.
What kinds of partnerships or teams are a good fit for this FOA?
The opportunity is described as a good fit for teams that can demonstrate strong partnerships across sectors, a clear multilevel intervention strategy, and a plan to produce evidence that can inform policy, systems change, or community-level implementation to reduce health disparities and disease burden.
What makes a project align well with this FOA's emphasis?
Based on the description, strong alignment includes: (1) focusing on upstream social, economic, or environmental conditions that drive health; (2) using a multilevel intervention approach; (3) integrating individual- and group-level evidence; and (4) producing actionable findings relevant to real-world implementation or scale.
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| Healthy Habits: Timing for Developing Sustainable Healthy Behaviors in Children and Adolescents (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 354 Funding Number: PA 18 354 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Healthy Habits: Timing for Developing Sustainable Healthy Behaviors in Children and Adolescents (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 355 Funding Number: PA 18 355 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Tobacco Use and HIV in Low and Middle Income Countries (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 023 Funding Number: PAR 18 023 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Tobacco Use and HIV in Low and Middle Income Countries (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 022 Funding Number: PAR 18 022 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Intervening with Cancer Caregivers to Improve Patient Health Outcomes and Optimize Health Care Utilization (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 246 Funding Number: PAR 18 246 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Evaluating the NIDA Standardized Research E-Cigarette in Risk Reduction and Related Studies (U01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 220 Funding Number: PAR 18 220 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Predicting Behavioral Responses to Population-Level Cancer Control Strategies (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 024 Funding Number: PAR 18 024 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Intervening with Cancer Caregivers to Improve Patient Health Outcomes and Optimize Health Care Utilization (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 247 Funding Number: PAR 18 247 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Innovations in Mechanisms and Interventions to Address Mental Health in HIV Prevention and Care Continuum (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 274 Funding Number: PA 18 274 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Quantitative Imaging Tools and Methods for Cancer Therapy Response Assessment (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 248 Funding Number: PAR 18 248 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Innovations in Mechanisms and Interventions to Address Mental Health in HIV Prevention and Care Continuum (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 275 Funding Number: PA 18 275 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Increased Knowledge and Innovative Strategies to Reduce HIV Incidence-iKnow Projects (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 254 Funding Number: PAR 18 254 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Multidisciplinary Studies of HIV/AIDS and Aging (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 189 Funding Number: PAR 18 189 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Multidisciplinary Studies of HIV/AIDS and Aging (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 190 Funding Number: PAR 18 190 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Targeted Implementation Science to Achieve 90/90/90 Goals for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 279 Funding Number: PA 18 279 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Targeted Implementation Science to Achieve 90/90/90 Goals for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PA 18 280 Funding Number: PA 18 280 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| Quantitative Imaging Tools and Methods for Cancer Response Assessment (U01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 249 Funding Number: PAR 18 249 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $500,000 |
| Health Services Research on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 286 Funding Number: PAR 18 286 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
| Health Services Research on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R21 Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 287 Funding Number: PAR 18 287 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: $200,000 |
| NIDA Program Project Grant Applications (P01, Clinical Trial Optional) Apply for PAR 18 425 Funding Number: PAR 18 425 Agency: National Institutes of Health Category: Education, Health Funding Amount: Case Dependent |
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